In here we show you top 10 most coldest countries in the world. Countries around the world are situated in various regions of the Earth, broadly categorized into three parts: the northern hemisphere, the equatorial region, and the southern hemisphere. The countries located in the equatorial region are commonly referred to as tropical countries. Conversely, those situated in the northern or southern hemispheres are typically known as subtropical countries, experiencing four distinct seasons: winter, summer, fall, and spring.
The countries located in the northern or southern parts of the Earth exhibit the coldest temperatures, particularly during winter and sometimes even during summer. Below, you’ll find a list of the ten coldest countries in the world.
Table of Contents
- 10. Estonia
- 09. Finland
- 08. Mongolia
- 07. Iceland
- 06. Greenland
- 05. USA
- 04. Kyrgyzstan
- 03. Canada
- 02. Russia
- 01. Antarctica
- Conclusion
10. Estonia
Estonia, known as one of the coldest countries in the world, is a small state located in the extreme North of Europe. Its geographical position is a major contributing factor to its extremely low temperatures during winters. With temperatures dropping as low as -18 degrees Celsius in severe cold spells and thick layers of snow covering cities and towns, Estonia presents a challenging environment for its inhabitants.
The harsh winter conditions in Estonia pose numerous challenges for its people, leading to a lower population density compared to other regions of Europe. The extreme cold temperatures demand extensive preparations and adaptations to ensure survival and daily functioning. The Estonian population has learned to cope with these challenges over the centuries, developing a resilient and resourceful spirit.
During the winter months, Estonians face a variety of difficulties, both in terms of daily life and infrastructure. The need for proper insulation and heating systems in homes is crucial, as the biting cold can permeate even the sturdiest structures. Effective winter clothing is a necessity, including heavy coats, hats, gloves, and boots to protect against the freezing temperatures.
The transportation system also faces significant challenges during the winter season. Roads become icy and slippery, making driving hazardous. The authorities deploy extensive snow removal and road maintenance efforts to ensure safe passage, but the weather conditions can still cause disruptions and delays. Public transportation is vital for many Estonians, with buses and trains equipped to handle the winter conditions, ensuring mobility for those who need to travel.
Estonians are well-prepared for the long winter months, engaging in a range of activities that embrace the cold climate. Traditional winter sports such as ice skating, skiing, and ice fishing are popular among locals and visitors alike. Festivals and events celebrating the winter season are held across the country, showcasing the cultural resilience and spirit of the Estonian people.
Despite the challenges, Estonia’s cold climate also brings unique opportunities and beauty. The country’s picturesque landscapes transform into a winter wonderland, with forests, lakes, and coastal areas covered in pristine white snow. The northern lights, known as the Aurora Borealis, occasionally grace the Estonian skies, adding a magical touch to the frozen landscape.
However, the extreme cold and the resulting challenges have led many Estonians to seek better opportunities in other regions of Europe. Migration to more temperate climates has become a common choice for those seeking milder winters and greater economic prospects. This has resulted in a lower population density in Estonia, contributing to its unique and sparsely populated character.
09. Finland
Finland, often regarded as one of the coldest countries in the world, is a unique Nordic nation located in Northern Europe. While it offers a distinct charm and beauty, the extreme temperatures experienced during its winter season make it a challenging destination for some.
Finland experiences a wide range of temperatures throughout the year, with notable differences between its summer and winter seasons. During the summer, temperatures can vary from mild to cool, with averages hovering around freezing in some regions. However, it is the winter season where Finland truly lives up to its reputation as a cold country.
In winter, temperatures in Finland can plummet to extremely low levels, dropping as low as minus 25 degrees Celsius in many parts of the country. The region of Lapland, situated in the northernmost part of Finland, often experiences even colder temperatures due to its proximity to the Arctic Circle. This makes Lapland the coldest region in the country.
The frigid winter conditions in Finland bring with them unique challenges and opportunities. While the low temperatures can be daunting for residents and visitors alike, Finland has developed a strong culture of embracing and thriving in the winter season. The Finnish people have adapted to the cold climate by implementing efficient infrastructure, innovative winter clothing, and various activities that celebrate the winter months.
One of the most distinctive features of Finland’s winter is the prevalence of snow and ice. The country transforms into a snowy wonderland, with landscapes covered in a thick blanket of snow. This offers opportunities for various winter activities, including skiing, snowboarding, ice skating, and even ice fishing. Finns are known for their love of winter sports and outdoor activities, making the most of the snowy conditions.
Additionally, Finland is famous for its unique cultural practices during the winter season. The tradition of sauna bathing, for example, is deeply ingrained in Finnish culture and provides a welcome respite from the cold. Saunas are an integral part of Finnish life, offering relaxation, warmth, and a chance to socialize with family and friends.
Despite the harsh winter conditions, Finland boasts a high standard of living and a well-developed infrastructure. The country is known for its efficient public transportation, which is designed to function seamlessly even during the winter months. Roads are well-maintained, and measures are taken to combat icy and slippery conditions. Finland’s national airline, Finnair, provides convenient transit options for travelers, with a focus on comfort and flexibility.
While Finland’s winter climate may not be everyone’s cup of tea, the country offers unique experiences and a distinct cultural identity that attracts visitors from around the world. From the ethereal beauty of the Northern Lights to the warmth of Finnish hospitality, Finland captivates those who are willing to embrace its winter wonders.
08. Mongolia
Mongolia, a landlocked country situated in east-central Asia, is known for its extreme cold climate and harsh winters. As one of the coldest countries in the world, Mongolia experiences frigid temperatures that can reach extreme lows during the winter season.
During the winter months, Mongolia’s temperatures can drop significantly, plunging to as low as -30 degrees Celsius in January. The country is known for its severe cold conditions, with biting winds and heavy snowfall. These extreme winter weather patterns create challenging living conditions for the people of Mongolia.
In contrast to its bitterly cold winters, Mongolia’s summers can be relatively hot, although the average temperature remains quite low compared to many other regions. Some areas of the country experience average temperatures around 0 degrees Celsius during the summer season. The summer climate in Mongolia is characterized by short, cool summers with a limited period of warmer temperatures.
Apart from the cold temperatures, Mongolia is also known for its windy conditions. The country experiences strong winds throughout the year, which further intensify the perception of coldness, especially during the winter months.
The cold and windy climate in Mongolia has a significant impact on the lifestyle and culture of its inhabitants. Mongolian nomadic herders, who make up a significant portion of the population, have adapted to the challenging climate by using traditional dwelling structures known as gers or yurts. These portable, round tents are designed to withstand the cold temperatures and strong winds, providing shelter and warmth for the nomadic lifestyle.
The extreme climate of Mongolia also influences the country’s flora and fauna. The vegetation is adapted to withstand the cold and dry conditions, with grasslands and sparse forests dominating the landscape. Wildlife in Mongolia includes species that are resilient to the cold, such as the wild Bactrian camel, Siberian ibex, and snow leopard.
Despite the harsh climate, Mongolia’s natural beauty is captivating. Vast stretches of untouched landscapes, including the Gobi Desert and the Altai Mountains, offer breathtaking views and a sense of rugged wilderness. The country’s unique culture and traditional customs, including the Naadam festival, reflect the resilience and adaptability of the Mongolian people in the face of their challenging environment.
07. Iceland
Iceland, known as one of the coldest countries in the world, is a Nordic island nation situated in the North Atlantic Ocean. Despite its name, Iceland’s climate can indeed be extremely cold, especially during the winter season.
With its high latitude and proximity to the Arctic Circle, Iceland experiences chilly temperatures throughout the year. In the southern parts of the country, average temperatures rarely rise above zero degrees Celsius. During the winter months, temperatures can drop even lower, reaching as low as minus ten degrees Celsius or even lower in certain regions.
The harsh winter conditions in Iceland are characterized by freezing temperatures, strong winds, and frequent snowfall. The combination of low temperatures and biting winds can create a bone-chilling cold that poses challenges for the local population.
Despite the cold climate, Iceland has a unique charm and natural beauty that attracts visitors from around the world. The country is renowned for its stunning landscapes, including glaciers, geothermal areas, volcanoes, and rugged coastlines. The winter season transforms Iceland into a winter wonderland, with snow-covered landscapes providing a picturesque backdrop for outdoor activities.
Iceland’s cold climate also offers unique opportunities for adventure and exploration. Winter sports such as skiing, snowboarding, and ice climbing are popular among locals and tourists alike. The country’s geothermal activity provides natural hot springs where visitors can relax and soak in the warmth, offering a stark contrast to the cold surroundings.
The cold climate also influences Iceland’s flora and fauna. The country’s vegetation is adapted to survive in challenging conditions, with hardy mosses, lichens, and shrubs thriving in the cold and volcanic landscapes. Iceland’s wildlife includes a variety of seabirds, marine mammals, and land animals such as reindeer and Arctic foxes, which have adapted to the cold climate.
Despite the cold temperatures, Iceland has developed modern infrastructure and amenities to provide comfort and warmth for its residents and visitors. Well-insulated buildings, efficient heating systems, and hot water sourced from natural geothermal springs help combat the cold weather.
06. Greenland
Greenland, known as one of the coldest countries in the world, is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark located in the Arctic region. The country experiences extremely low temperatures throughout the year, primarily due to its vast ice sheet that covers the majority of its landmass.
Greenland’s climate is characterized by frigid temperatures and a limited range of temperature variation. Even during the summer months, when temperatures are expected to be warmer, the highest recorded temperatures in Greenland seldom surpass 7 degrees Celsius. In contrast, during the winter season, temperatures can drop significantly, reaching as low as minus 9 degrees Celsius or even lower in certain regions.
The primary factor contributing to Greenland’s cold climate is its massive ice sheet, which covers about 80% of the country’s surface. This ice sheet reflects sunlight, preventing it from reaching the ground and causing a cooling effect. The ice acts as a natural barrier, blocking the warmth of the sun and keeping the temperatures consistently low throughout the year.
The presence of the ice sheet also influences other aspects of Greenland’s climate. It creates a unique microclimate, with cooler temperatures near the coast due to the proximity of the ice sheet. The interior regions, further away from the moderating influence of the ocean, tend to be even colder.
Despite the extreme cold, Greenland is home to a diverse range of wildlife. Polar bears, Arctic foxes, reindeer, and various species of seals and whales can be found in the country’s icy waters and tundra regions. The local Inuit population has adapted to the cold climate over centuries, relying on traditional practices such as hunting, fishing, and herding to sustain their way of life.
The cold climate and vast ice formations also make Greenland a unique destination for exploration and adventure. Glaciers, icebergs, and fjords dominate the coastal landscape, providing breathtaking views and opportunities for activities such as ice climbing, dog sledding, and Arctic expeditions.
Greenland’s cold climate and the presence of its ice sheet have drawn attention to the effects of climate change. As global temperatures rise, Greenland’s ice sheet is melting at an accelerated rate, contributing to rising sea levels worldwide. The impact of climate change on Greenland’s environment and communities highlights the urgency of addressing climate issues on a global scale.
05. USA
While the United States is a large and diverse country with varying climates, there are regions within the country that experience extremely cold temperatures, especially during the winter months. However, it would not be accurate to categorize the entire United States as one of the coldest countries in the world.
The United States spans across multiple climate zones, ranging from tropical in Hawaii and parts of Florida, to temperate in most of the country, and subarctic in Alaska. Within these zones, there are areas that can experience exceptionally cold temperatures, particularly in the northern regions.
In states such as Alaska, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Maine, winter temperatures can drop well below freezing, reaching average lows in the range of 0 to -30 degrees Fahrenheit (-18 to -34 degrees Celsius) in certain areas. These colder regions are often characterized by heavy snowfall and icy conditions during the winter season.
However, it is essential to note that the United States is a vast country with diverse climates. In many southern and coastal regions, the temperatures are generally milder, with average winter temperatures ranging from 30 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit (-1 to 10 degrees Celsius). In the southwestern states, such as Arizona and Nevada, winters tend to be relatively mild and even warm in some areas.
The geography of the United States varies greatly, ranging from flat plains to rugged mountains and coastal regions. This diversity contributes to the variations in climate across different states and regions. States like Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana, which have higher elevations and mountainous terrain, can experience colder temperatures due to their proximity to colder air masses and the influence of altitude.
It is important to recognize that climate conditions can change over time due to various factors, including climate change and natural variability. While some regions may have experienced extreme cold temperatures historically, shifts in climate patterns can lead to variations in average temperatures and weather events.
04. Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan, located in Central Asia, is known for its diverse climate, which is influenced by its mountainous terrain. Despite its small size, the country experiences a wide range of temperatures, ranging from scorching hot summers in certain regions to extremely cold winters in the mountainous areas.
In the southwest of Kyrgyzstan lies the Fergana Valley, which is known for its hot summers. During the summer months, temperatures can soar to around 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) during the day, making it a region of intense heat. However, as the sun sets and the night approaches, temperatures in the valley can drop significantly.
In contrast, the mountainous regions of Kyrgyzstan experience much colder temperatures, especially during the winter months. The country’s numerous peaks and valleys, such as those in the Tian Shan and Pamir-Alay mountain ranges, are known for their extreme cold. In these areas, winter temperatures can plummet to below -30 degrees Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit) and even lower in some cases.
The mountainous terrain of Kyrgyzstan plays a significant role in shaping its climate. The high altitudes, steep slopes, and deep valleys create microclimates that vary considerably from one region to another. The higher elevations experience colder temperatures due to the thinning of the atmosphere and the influence of cold air masses.
The diverse climate of Kyrgyzstan has implications for its ecosystems, wildlife, and the livelihoods of its people. The country’s varied landscapes support a range of flora and fauna, including alpine meadows, coniferous forests, and high-altitude species. Nomadic herding communities have adapted to the challenging climate by practicing transhumance, moving their livestock between different elevations in response to seasonal variations.
While Kyrgyzstan experiences both extreme heat and extreme cold, it also enjoys a pleasant climate during the transitional seasons. Spring and autumn bring milder temperatures and are considered the best times to visit, with comfortable weather for outdoor activities and exploring the country’s natural beauty.
03. Canada
Canada, the second-largest country in the world, is known for its vast and diverse landscapes, including its extreme cold temperatures. While the climate varies across different regions of Canada, the country does experience harsh winter conditions in many areas.
Canada’s continental climate, combined with its northern latitude, contributes to its cold weather. In the winter months, temperatures can drop significantly, with average temperatures ranging from -10 to -30 degrees Celsius (14 to -22 degrees Fahrenheit) in various parts of the country. However, it’s important to note that temperatures can vary widely depending on the specific location and time of year.
In certain regions of Canada, particularly in the northern territories and provinces such as Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut, temperatures can reach extreme lows. Snag, Yukon, holds the record for the lowest temperature ever recorded in Canada at -63 degrees Celsius (-81.4 degrees Fahrenheit) on February 3, 1947. These frigid temperatures are a testament to the challenging conditions that some parts of Canada experience during the winter season.
Furthermore, the strong winds in certain regions can make the cold temperatures feel even more intense. Wind chill factors can cause temperatures to feel much colder than the actual recorded temperature. Wind chill warnings are issued by meteorological agencies to alert people to the potential dangers of exposed skin in extreme cold and windy conditions.
Despite the cold temperatures, Canada has developed infrastructure, technologies, and cultural practices to adapt to and thrive in the winter climate. Canadians often engage in outdoor winter activities such as ice skating, skiing, snowboarding, and ice fishing. Many cities and towns have well-maintained winter sports facilities and festivals that celebrate the season’s unique characteristics.
In addition, Canadians are known for their resilience in the face of harsh weather conditions. They have developed techniques for insulating homes, dressing in layers, and using heating systems to ensure comfort and safety during the winter months. Communities also come together to support each other during severe weather events, emphasizing the importance of preparedness and cooperation.
While Canada’s cold temperatures may pose challenges, they also contribute to the country’s stunning natural beauty. The winter landscapes, covered in blankets of snow and ice, create breathtaking scenes that attract visitors from around the world.
02. Russia
Russia, the largest country in the world, is renowned for its cold climate, particularly during the winter months. The country spans across multiple climatic zones, ranging from arctic and subarctic regions in the north to more temperate and continental climates in the south.
In many parts of Russia, winter dominates the weather calendar, lasting longer than summer. Snow and rain can fall for about eight months per year in some regions, covering the landscape in a blanket of white. The extreme cold temperatures experienced in Russia are a result of its high latitude, vast landmass, and influence from the Arctic air masses.
During winter, temperatures in Russia can plummet to exceptionally low levels. In some areas, such as Siberia and the far northern regions, temperatures can reach as low as -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit) or even lower. Even in the summer months, temperatures can drop to around -30 degrees Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit) in certain regions, particularly in the northern parts of the country.
One of the coldest places in Russia, and indeed the world, is Verkhoyansk, located in the Sakha Republic in northeastern Siberia. Verkhoyansk holds the record for the coldest temperature ever recorded in a permanently inhabited location, with a bone-chilling -67.8 degrees Celsius (-90 degrees Fahrenheit) in 1892. The region experiences extreme cold due to its high latitude, geographical isolation, and long periods of darkness during the winter months. Some areas of the region receive only about two months of sunlight each year.
To cope with the cold conditions, Russians have developed various strategies and cultural practices. Traditional clothing includes warm coats, such as the famous fur-lined parkas called “shuba” or “ushanka” hats with ear flaps to protect against the cold. These garments provide insulation and protection from the biting winter winds. Additionally, consuming hot beverages like tea and indulging in vodka, a traditional alcoholic beverage, are common practices believed to provide a sense of warmth in cold weather.
It is important to note that while the cold weather in Russia can be challenging, the country’s climate and landscape offer unique opportunities and experiences. Winter sports such as ice skating, skiing, and ice fishing are popular pastimes, and the snowy landscapes provide a picturesque backdrop for winter festivities and cultural celebrations.
01. Antarctica
Antarctica, often referred to as the coldest continent on Earth, is a unique and inhospitable environment characterized by extreme cold temperatures, arid conditions, and harsh weather patterns. As the southernmost continent, it is located entirely within the Antarctic Circle and is predominantly covered by ice and snow.
The temperatures in Antarctica are among the coldest recorded on the planet. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica was an astounding minus 89.2 degrees Celsius (-128.6 degrees Fahrenheit) at the Soviet Union’s Vostok Station in 1983. These extreme temperatures are primarily attributed to the continent’s high latitude, vast ice sheet, and the absence of sunlight for extended periods during the winter months.
The frigid temperatures in Antarctica make it virtually uninhabitable for humans. While there are scientific research stations scattered across the continent, these stations are staffed temporarily by scientists and support personnel who endure the harsh conditions to conduct research. However, living permanently in Antarctica is not feasible due to the extreme cold, lack of infrastructure, and logistical challenges.
In addition to the cold temperatures, Antarctica is also characterized by its dryness. It is classified as a polar desert, with an average annual precipitation of only about 200 mm (8 inches) equivalent to water. Most of this precipitation falls as snow, contributing to the accumulation of the massive ice sheet that covers the continent. The dryness of the landforms further adds to the challenging conditions for life in Antarctica.
The extreme environment of Antarctica presents numerous dangers and challenges. Traveling across the vast icy terrain can be treacherous, with the risk of crevasses, blizzards, and unpredictable weather conditions. The isolation and limited resources pose significant logistical challenges, requiring careful planning and preparation for any activities on the continent.
Despite its inhospitable conditions, Antarctica remains an important scientific research hub. Researchers from around the world study the continent’s unique ecosystem, geology, climate patterns, and space exploration. The continent provides valuable insights into understanding Earth’s climate history, the impacts of climate change, and the adaptability of life in extreme environments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the world is home to several countries and regions known for their extremely cold climates. Countries such as Estonia, Finland, Mongolia, Iceland, Greenland, Canada, Russia, and the continent of Antarctica experience severe winter conditions with temperatures dropping well below freezing. These cold climates pose various challenges for the people living in these regions, from adapting their lifestyles and clothing choices to dealing with the logistical difficulties that come with extreme weather.
The cold temperatures in these countries and regions have significant impacts on various aspects of life. They influence housing and infrastructure design, requiring effective insulation and heating systems to ensure comfort and safety. They also shape cultural practices, from traditional clothing choices to seasonal festivities and outdoor activities that take advantage of the unique winter landscapes.
While the extreme cold may discourage some people from residing in these areas, the inhabitants have developed strategies and adaptations to not only survive but also thrive in these climates. They utilize proper clothing, heating systems, and other practical measures to protect themselves from the cold. Additionally, they have learned to embrace and celebrate the unique aspects of their winter environments, engaging in winter sports, cultural traditions, and enjoying the beauty of snow-covered landscapes.
It is important to acknowledge that the cold climates discussed here have a significant impact on the natural environment as well. They shape the ecosystems, influencing the distribution of flora and fauna and contributing to the formation of unique landscapes, such as icy tundras, frozen lakes, and snow-covered mountains.
Overall, these cold regions provide a diverse range of experiences and challenges for those who call them home or choose to visit. They offer opportunities for scientific research, winter tourism, and the exploration of nature’s resilience in extreme conditions. Despite the hardships, these countries and regions have come to appreciate and adapt to their cold climates, showcasing the remarkable human capacity to thrive even in the harshest of environments.