In here we show you world’s top 10 largest countries by rice production. Rice, originating from Asia and Africa, is the seed of two grass species belonging to the Oryza family. It is widely consumed worldwide and forms a significant part of the diet in many Asian countries where it is extensively cultivated.
Despite its labor-intensive nature and the need for ample water and warm, humid weather, rice cultivation has been practiced for centuries. The conventional method involves flooding fields, known as paddies, after sowing the seeds to ensure hydration and discourage pests and weeds. Rice can be grown in various locations as long as the weather conditions are suitable, including steep hills or mountains with the aid of terraces for water control. In terms of global agricultural production, rice ranks third, with approximately 761.5 million tonnes (1,000 kilograms) produced in 2018.
Rice is grown in approximately 120 countries worldwide, but China (around 206 million tonnes) and India (approximately 157 million tonnes) collectively contribute to over 50 percent of global rice production. This fact is truly remarkable
Table of Contents
- 10. Japan
- 09. Brazil
- 08. Philippines
- 07. Mynmar
- 06. Thailand
- 05. Vietnam
- 04. Bangladesh
- 03. Indonesia
- 02. India
- 01. China
- Conclusion
10. Japan
Japan, a country known for its rich cultural heritage and technological advancements, holds a prominent position in rice production worldwide. Despite being a relatively small country geographically, Japan manages to secure a place among the top rice-producing nations globally. The country’s dedication to maintaining its self-sufficiency in rice production is evident in its policies and practices.
Japan’s commitment to domestic rice production is so strong that it has implemented a ban on imported rice. This ban ensures that the majority of the rice consumed within the country is grown domestically. By focusing on homegrown rice, Japan aims to protect the interests of its local farmers and maintain the quality and authenticity of its rice supply.
To support its rice farmers, Japan employs a policy known as the gentan system, which involves heavy subsidies for small, fragmented, and independent rice farmers. Under this system, the government provides financial support to these farmers, helping them sustain their operations and compete with larger agricultural enterprises. By offering subsidies, Japan aims to preserve its agricultural landscape, promote rural development, and ensure the continuation of rice cultivation across the country.
These policies have resulted in a unique situation where the price of rice in Japan is significantly higher compared to other countries. The combination of import bans and subsidies for local farmers creates an environment that prioritizes self-sufficiency and the preservation of traditional agricultural practices over cost efficiency. As a result, Japanese consumers are willing to pay a premium for domestically produced rice, valuing its quality and supporting local agriculture.
Japan’s dedication to rice production extends beyond economic considerations. Rice holds a significant cultural and historical importance in Japanese society. It is a staple food in the Japanese diet, consumed in various forms such as sushi, onigiri (rice balls), and as a side dish in many traditional meals. The preservation of rice cultivation is thus closely tied to the preservation of cultural heritage and national identity in Japan.
In summary, Japan’s inclusion in the list of top rice-producing countries is a testament to its commitment to domestic rice production. The ban on imported rice and the implementation of the gentan system reflect the government’s efforts to maintain self-sufficiency, support local farmers, and preserve traditional agricultural practices. While this dedication comes at a higher price for consumers, it reinforces the cultural significance of rice in Japan and ensures the continued cultivation of this essential crop within its borders.
09. Brazil
Brazil, one of the largest countries in South America, has established itself as a significant player in the global rice production industry. With its favorable climate, vast agricultural land, and commitment to technological advancements, Brazil has steadily increased its rice production over the years.
In the crop year 2019/2020, Brazil was projected to produce approximately 12.1 million metric tons of rice, a slight increase from the 10.45 million tons produced the previous year. This growth in production can be attributed to various factors, including advancements in farming techniques, improved infrastructure, and increased investment in the agricultural sector.
One notable achievement in Brazil’s rice production is the high yield per hectare. In the specified crop year, the country expected to achieve a yield of nearly 6.3 tons per hectare, which represents the highest yield reported since 2010. This increased productivity can be attributed to the adoption of modern farming practices, such as the use of high-quality seeds, advanced irrigation systems, and efficient crop management strategies.
While Brazil’s rice production share in the global market stands at approximately 1.7%, it remains a significant contributor to the overall rice production worldwide. The country’s inclusion in the top 9 rice-producing nations can be attributed to its commitment to maintaining high-quality standards and utilizing a diverse range of rice varieties. Brazil boasts around 251 different types of rice grown within its borders, catering to various preferences and culinary traditions.
Furthermore, Brazil’s agricultural sector benefits from the country’s favorable climate, which provides suitable conditions for rice cultivation. The warm temperatures and ample rainfall in regions such as Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Tocantins contribute to successful rice yields. Additionally, Brazil’s large agricultural land and investment in agricultural research and development contribute to the country’s prominence in rice production.
In summary, Brazil stands as a major player in the global rice production industry. With its favorable climate, commitment to technological advancements, and diverse range of rice varieties, Brazil has steadily increased its rice production over the years. The country’s achievement in attaining high yields per hectare and its significant contribution to the global market highlight its position as a leading rice-producing nation in South America and beyond.
08. Philippines
The Philippines, located in Southeast Asia, is renowned for its significant contribution to the global rice production industry. With approximately 4.2 million hectares of rice lands, the country has established itself as a key player in rice cultivation and has made substantial efforts to meet the demand for this staple food.
In terms of production, the Philippines produces around 18.1 million metric tons of milled rice annually. While this output is substantial, it is only sufficient to meet approximately 90% of the country’s population needs. The remaining 10% of rice consumption is supplemented through imports, highlighting the importance of ensuring domestic rice production remains robust.
Several provinces in the Philippines have emerged as major contributors to the country’s rice production. These provinces, known for their fertile agricultural lands, prioritize rice cultivation as a primary farm crop. While the specific provinces may vary from year to year, some of the consistent top rice-producing regions include Nueva Ecija, Isabela, Pangasinan, Iloilo, and Mindoro. These regions benefit from favorable climatic conditions, ample water resources, and the expertise of local farmers.
The Philippine government has implemented various initiatives to support and enhance rice production in the country. This includes providing financial assistance, offering training programs for farmers, promoting the use of high-quality seeds and modern agricultural technologies, and improving irrigation systems. Through these efforts, the government aims to increase productivity, improve the quality of rice produced, and achieve greater self-sufficiency in rice production.
Rice holds immense cultural and economic significance in the Philippines. It is a staple food for Filipinos and plays a crucial role in the country’s culinary traditions. Rice cultivation also provides employment opportunities for rural communities, contributing to the overall economic development of the country.
In summary, the Philippines is one of the largest rice-producing countries globally, boasting extensive rice lands and substantial production volumes. Despite domestic production meeting the majority of the population’s needs, there is still a reliance on imports to supplement rice consumption. With ongoing government initiatives and the dedication of farmers in key rice-producing provinces, the Philippines continues to prioritize rice cultivation, aiming to strengthen its position as a significant player in the global rice market.
07. Mynmar
Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, holds a significant position as one of the largest rice-producing countries in the world. The country’s highly irrigated and fertile lands provide a conducive environment for rice cultivation, contributing to its impressive production output.
Despite facing challenges such as limited resources and insufficient investment in the agricultural sector, Myanmar has demonstrated remarkable productivity in rice production. In the most recent statistics available, Myanmar produced approximately 26.42 million metric tons of rice. This substantial output is a testament to the agricultural potential of the country and the resilience of its farmers.
To further enhance rice production, it is crucial for the government to prioritize the exploitation of agricultural areas. By taking necessary steps to maximize the use of available land and resources, Myanmar can unlock its full potential in rice production. This includes implementing policies and initiatives that focus on improving infrastructure, providing adequate irrigation systems, and promoting the adoption of modern farming practices.
Investments in research and development, as well as the introduction of new technologies and improved agricultural techniques, can significantly contribute to increasing productivity in the rice sector. These measures can help optimize yields, enhance the quality of rice produced, and ultimately boost the country’s competitiveness in the global rice market.
It is worth noting that Myanmar’s agricultural sector has immense potential for growth, not only in rice production but also in other crops. The government’s commitment to supporting and promoting the agricultural industry is essential for achieving sustainable development, increasing food security, and uplifting rural communities.
Furthermore, the unique geographical location of Myanmar provides the country with opportunities for agricultural expansion and diversification. With careful planning and strategic utilization of available resources, Myanmar can tap into its natural advantages to further strengthen its position as a leading rice-producing nation.
In summary, Myanmar stands as one of the largest rice-producing countries globally, thanks to its highly irrigated and fertile lands. Despite challenges and the need for additional investment, the country has demonstrated impressive output in rice production. By prioritizing necessary steps to optimize agricultural areas and investing in infrastructure and modern farming practices, Myanmar can unlock its full potential and further enhance its contribution to the global rice market.
06. Thailand
Thailand, known as one of the largest rice-producing countries in the world, boasts widespread cultivation of rice across all its provinces. The country has gained international recognition for its production of jasmine rice, a variety highly regarded for its sticky texture and distinct popcorn-like aroma. Thailand’s rice industry plays a significant role in its economy, with both domestic consumption and exports contributing to its agricultural GDP.
Thailand’s jasmine rice, in particular, has garnered a global reputation for its superior quality. It is in high demand in various markets, including Japan, where approximately 100,000 tons of Thai rice are exported annually. In Japan, this rice is used in the production of crackers and wine, reflecting the versatility and popularity of Thai rice on the international stage.
As an exporting nation, Thailand has established itself as a key player in the global rice market. In 2020, the country aimed to export between 7 and 8 million tonnes of rice, highlighting its significant contribution to meeting global rice demand. The success of Thailand’s rice exports is attributed to its commitment to quality production, efficient supply chains, and the adherence to international standards.
In terms of domestic production, Thailand consistently achieves impressive results. In the 2018/19 season, the country produced approximately 32.62 million metric tons of milled rice. This substantial output not only caters to the domestic consumption needs of the Thai population but also enables significant export opportunities, boosting the country’s economic growth.
The production of rice in Thailand holds great importance for its agricultural GDP. Rice cultivation contributes to around 15% of Thailand’s agricultural GDP, emphasizing its role as a significant driver of economic activity in the country. The rice industry provides employment opportunities for farmers and supports rural livelihoods, making it a vital sector for overall national development.
In summary, Thailand’s prominence as one of the largest rice-producing countries is attributed to its extensive cultivation of rice across all provinces. The country’s specialization in jasmine rice, its significant export market, and its impressive domestic production all contribute to its reputation in the global rice industry. With its commitment to quality and efficiency, Thailand continues to play a pivotal role in meeting global rice demand while driving economic growth and supporting the livelihoods of its agricultural communities.
05. Vietnam
Vietnam, one of the largest rice-producing countries in the world, boasts a thriving agricultural economy centered around rice cultivation. Rice plays a vital role in the country’s food security and sustenance, contributing significantly to the carbohydrate and protein intake of the average Vietnamese.
The cultivation of rice in Vietnam is primarily concentrated in two fertile deltas: the Red River Delta in the north and the Mekong River Delta in the south. These regions provide favorable conditions for rice cultivation, with their abundant water resources and fertile soils. Around 52 percent of Vietnam’s rice production comes from the Mekong River Delta, while the Red River Delta accounts for approximately 18 percent.
Vietnam’s commitment to rice production is reflected in the extensive use of arable land for rice cultivation. Approximately 82 percent of the country’s arable land is dedicated to growing rice, highlighting the importance of this crop in the agricultural landscape. This emphasis on rice farming has helped Vietnam achieve self-sufficiency in rice production and become a major player in the global rice market.
Rice serves as a staple food in Vietnamese cuisine and is deeply ingrained in the culinary traditions and cultural heritage of the country. It is consumed in various forms, including steamed rice, rice noodles, and rice-based dishes like pho and com tam. The reliance on rice as a dietary staple underscores its significance in providing sustenance and nourishment to the Vietnamese population.
The Mekong River Delta, in particular, is renowned for its vast rice fields and diverse agricultural landscape. This region has a significant role in Vietnam’s rice production, leveraging the fertile soil and the abundant water resources of the Mekong River. The Red River Delta, with its fertile plains and favorable climatic conditions, also contributes significantly to the country’s rice output.
In summary, Vietnam stands as one of the largest rice-producing countries globally, with rice serving as the cornerstone of its agricultural economy. The country’s reliance on rice cultivation, particularly in the Red River and Mekong River Deltas, highlights its commitment to meeting domestic food needs and contributing to global rice supply. The importance of rice in Vietnamese culture and cuisine further underscores its significance in the daily lives and sustenance of the Vietnamese people.
04. Bangladesh
Bangladesh, one of the largest rice-producing countries globally, relies heavily on rice cultivation to meet the dietary needs of its population. With an estimated milled rice production of 52.32 million tonnes in 2018/19, rice serves as the staple food for approximately 135 million people across the country.
The rice sector in Bangladesh plays a crucial role in the agricultural and economic landscape. It contributes to half of the country’s agricultural GDP and accounts for one-sixth of Bangladesh’s national income. This highlights the significance of rice production in driving economic growth and providing livelihood opportunities for farmers.
Bangladesh’s rice not only satisfies domestic consumption but also finds its way to international markets. The country exports rice to various countries around the world, expanding its economic reach. For instance, in 2017, Bangladesh exported 50,000 tonnes of rice to Sri Lanka, showcasing its potential as a supplier of rice to neighboring countries.
Different regions in Bangladesh specialize in specific rice crops. The Aman, Boro, and Aus seasons are significant in the country’s rice production. Aman rice, typically transplanted during the monsoon season, accounts for a significant portion of Bangladesh’s rice output. Boro rice, grown during the dry season with irrigation support, contributes to the country’s self-sufficiency goals. Aus rice, cultivated during the pre-monsoon period, further diversifies Bangladesh’s rice production and caters to the seasonal demand.
The government of Bangladesh has taken several initiatives to promote and enhance rice production. These include providing farmers with access to credit, improved seeds, and modern farming technologies. The implementation of sustainable agricultural practices, such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), has also contributed to increased productivity and improved the resilience of rice cultivation in the country.
In summary, Bangladesh stands as one of the largest rice-producing countries globally, with a substantial production volume that supports its population’s dietary needs. The rice sector’s significant contribution to the agricultural GDP and national income underscores its importance in the country’s economy. With its exports reaching international markets and specialized production in different regions, Bangladesh demonstrates its capacity to sustain and expand its position in the global rice market.
03. Indonesia
Indonesia, being the third-largest rice-producing country globally, faces a unique situation where it often needs to import rice despite its significant production capacity. This is primarily due to a combination of non-optimal production techniques employed by farmers and the country’s large per capita rice consumption, which is amplified by its massive population.
Rice is a staple food in Indonesia and holds immense cultural and dietary significance. The country’s population heavily relies on rice as a primary source of carbohydrates and nourishment. As a result, Indonesia ranks among the largest rice consumers in the world, with a high demand for rice to meet the needs of its people.
However, despite its considerable rice production capacity, Indonesia’s production techniques are often suboptimal. Factors such as limited access to modern agricultural technologies, inadequate infrastructure, and small-scale farming practices can hinder productivity. These challenges, coupled with the need to sustain a growing population, lead to a situation where Indonesia has to import rice on a regular basis.
The importation of rice serves to maintain the country’s rice reserves at a safe level, ensuring a stable supply of rice to meet domestic demand. By importing rice, Indonesia aims to bridge the gap between its production and consumption needs, ensuring food security for its population.
The Indonesian government recognizes the need to improve rice production techniques and reduce reliance on rice imports. Initiatives are being implemented to enhance agricultural practices, promote the use of modern technologies, and increase efficiency in the rice production sector. These efforts aim to boost productivity, reduce post-harvest losses, and improve the overall sustainability of rice cultivation in the country.
Furthermore, promoting diversification in food consumption patterns and encouraging the cultivation of alternative crops can help reduce the pressure on rice production and consumption in Indonesia. Efforts are being made to increase awareness of nutritional needs and encourage the consumption of other grains, vegetables, and protein sources alongside rice.
In summary, Indonesia ranks as one of the largest rice-producing countries globally. However, due to non-optimal production techniques and a large per capita rice consumption driven by its massive population, the country still needs to import rice regularly to meet domestic demand and maintain sufficient reserves. The Indonesian government’s focus on improving agricultural practices and promoting diversification in food consumption aims to reduce the reliance on rice imports and ensure long-term food security for its population.
02. India
India, known as one of the largest rice-producing countries globally, demonstrates impressive agricultural prowess with its substantial rice production. In the 2018/19 season, India’s total rice production exceeded 157 million metric tons, solidifying its position as a key player in the global rice market.
Within India, the state of West Bengal takes the lead in rice production, emerging as the largest rice-producing state. In 2016, West Bengal achieved a remarkable production of 15.75 million tons of rice, cultivated over an expansive area of 5.46 million hectares. The state’s favorable climatic conditions, fertile soil, and advanced farming techniques contribute to its high productivity in rice cultivation.
India’s significance in the global rice trade extends beyond production, as it holds the title of the world’s leading exporter of Basmati rice. Basmati rice, renowned for its unique aroma and long-grain texture, is in high demand worldwide. In the 2018-19 period, India exported 4.4 million tons of Basmati rice, further solidifying its dominance in the international rice market.
At the same time, India stands as the second-largest consumer of rice globally. With an estimated consumption of around 100 million metric tons of rice annually, rice plays a central role in the diets and culinary traditions of the Indian population. Over 65% of the Indian population relies on rice as a staple food, emphasizing its immense importance in the daily lives of millions of people.
The production of rice in India also has significant socioeconomic implications. It serves as the main source of income and employment for over 50 million people in the country. Rice cultivation supports rural livelihoods and provides opportunities for farmers and laborers across the agricultural value chain. It plays a pivotal role in sustaining rural communities and contributing to India’s overall economic development.
The Indian government has implemented various policies and programs to support rice farmers and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Initiatives such as the provision of subsidies, access to credit, and the adoption of advanced technologies aim to enhance productivity, reduce post-harvest losses, and improve the overall efficiency of rice cultivation in the country.
In summary, India stands as one of the largest rice-producing countries globally, with its impressive production volume and role in the international rice trade. West Bengal takes the lead as the largest rice-producing state within India. Additionally, India’s prominence in Basmati rice exports and its significant domestic consumption further underscore its position as a key player in the global rice market. The socio-economic impact of rice production in India, supporting millions of livelihoods, highlights the integral role of rice cultivation in the country’s agricultural landscape and overall development.
01. China
China, renowned as the largest rice-producing country globally, showcases impressive agricultural practices and innovations in rice cultivation. With over 90% of the rice area being irrigated, China’s commitment to ensuring optimal water supply highlights its dedication to maximizing rice productivity.
China’s rice production volume is remarkable, contributing significantly to the global rice market. The country produces approximately 193 million metric tons of rice, accounting for as much as 35% of the world’s total rice production, as reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 2008.
One notable aspect of China’s rice production is its leadership in hybrid rice cultivation. In the late 1970s, China emerged as the first country to successfully develop and produce hybrid rice suitable for temperate-climate agriculture. Hybrid rice offers substantial advantages over conventional rice varieties, yielding 15-20 percent more production. This innovation has played a pivotal role in increasing rice productivity and addressing food security challenges in China.
The adoption of hybrid rice in China has been accompanied by extensive research and development efforts. Scientists and agricultural experts have focused on breeding superior hybrid varieties, optimizing cultivation techniques, and disseminating knowledge to farmers across the country. The government’s support for hybrid rice research and its promotion as a key strategy in rice production have contributed to China’s leadership in this field.
China’s success in rice production can be attributed to a combination of factors. The country’s favorable climate and abundant water resources provide conducive conditions for rice cultivation. Additionally, the widespread use of modern agricultural technologies, such as improved seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation systems, has contributed to increased productivity and yield enhancement.
Furthermore, China’s large population and high rice consumption make self-sufficiency in rice production a priority. The government’s focus on ensuring food security and meeting the domestic demand for rice has driven investments and policies aimed at promoting sustainable rice production.
In summary, China stands as the largest rice-producing country globally, with its extensive irrigated rice area and substantial production volume. The country’s leadership in hybrid rice cultivation has significantly contributed to increased productivity and yield improvement. Through continuous research and development efforts, China has established itself as a global innovator in rice farming techniques. The commitment to food security and sustainable rice production remains a cornerstone of China’s agricultural policies, ensuring the country’s role as a key player in the global rice market.
Conclusion
In conclusion, rice production plays a vital role in the agricultural economies of several countries, with Japan, Brazil, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia, India, and China emerging as some of the largest rice-producing nations. These countries exhibit diverse agricultural landscapes, production techniques, and consumption patterns, each contributing to the global rice market in their unique ways.
Japan, known for its self-sufficiency in rice production, implements policies to protect domestic rice farmers, resulting in higher prices compared to international markets. Brazil demonstrates impressive yield levels and diversification in rice varieties, while the Philippines focuses on maximizing its rice lands to meet domestic consumption needs. Myanmar possesses fertile land and is working towards fully utilizing its agricultural potential.
Thailand, renowned for its aromatic jasmine rice, plays a significant role in global rice exports, while Vietnam relies on the Red River and Mekong deltas to drive its rice production. Bangladesh, with its large population, produces substantial amounts of rice to feed its people and supports rural livelihoods through rice cultivation. Indonesia, despite being a major producer, faces challenges due to non-optimal production techniques and high per capita rice consumption.
India, being the largest producer of rice, excels in Basmati rice exports and supports millions of livelihoods through rice cultivation. China’s leadership in hybrid rice production and high productivity contribute significantly to the global rice market.
Collectively, these countries showcase the diversity and importance of rice production in ensuring food security, sustaining rural livelihoods, and contributing to national economies. Rice, as a staple food, plays a crucial role in the diets and cultural traditions of millions of people worldwide.
While each country faces its own challenges, such as the need for technological advancements, sustainable practices, and balancing domestic consumption with exports, their commitment to improving rice production techniques and addressing food security is commendable.
In a world where rice consumption continues to grow, these major rice-producing countries must strive for innovation, sustainability, and collaboration to ensure a stable and sufficient supply of rice to feed their populations and meet global demand.